Improved apparatus for revivifying bone-black



V G. FINKEN. Treating Bone Black. No. 39,637. Patented Aug. 25,1863.

Witnesses= Inventor.

AM- FHUTO-LITHO.C0. NM (USBDRNE'S PROCESS.)

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GUSTAVUS FINKEN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR. REVIVIFYING BONE-BLACK.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 39,63 7, dated August 25, 1863.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, GUSTAVUS FINKEN, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Apparatus for ltevivifyin g Bone-Black and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which-- Figures 1 and 2 are vertical sections of the apparatus at right angles to each other. Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the same.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.

This invention consists in the arrangement, within a rotating circular retort, of a continuous flange running spirally round its inner surface from end to end, or along any portion of its length, whereby I am enabled to obtain a gradual and regular movement of the boneblack from one end to the other by the rotary motion of the retort about its axis, without giving it any inclination from a horizontal position.

It also consists in the arrangement of a drying retort or cylinder in the same oven or casing with and in such relation to and connection with the revivifying retort that it may be heated by the waste heat from the same fire by which the latter retort is heated, for the purpose of'drying-the washed bone-black preparatory to reburnin g, and that the dried bone-black may be delivered continuously from it to the reburnin g or revivit'ying retort.

It further consists in a novel mode of connecting the revolving revivifying-retort with the coolers or other receptacles into which the revivifled bone-black is discharged.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe it.

A is a reburnin g or revivifying retort, and B a drying-retort arranged above it in the same oven, 0. Theseiretorts are both of a cylindrical form and arranged horizontally with their ends protruding through the ends of the oven, where theyare supported upon anti-friction rollers a a or other suitable means.

In the inside of each of the above retorts there is a flange, 1), running spirally round its inner cylindrical surface in theform of a screwthread. Thisflange may be cast with the cylindrical body of the retort or made separately and secured to the inner surface in any suitable manner; but the former method is preferable. the retort at one end, while the retort has imparted to it a rotary motion on its axis, is caused by such rotary motion to be gradually carried along the retort toward the other end. at a regular velocity, depending upon the velocity of rotation,and discharged from the other end, being distributed in its passage along the whole length of the retort to a depth depending upon the velocity with which it is fed in, and being turned over by the rotary motion of the retort, so as to constantly transpose its particles and present new particles in contact with the heated bottom of the retort, and to cause the several particles to be uniformly heated or burned. This action is produced without inclining the retort from the. horizontal position, as one surface of the spiral flange forms an endless inclined plane, up which the bone-black is carried by the friction of its particles upon the said surface, and down which, after having been carried up a certain distance, it descends by gravitation toward the discharging end of the retort.

By arranging the retort in a horizontal position it is enabled to be more uniformly heated, and its bearings are rendered more durable. The lower or revivifying retort, A, is arranged Within the oven G, directly over the fire-place D, and is covered by an arch, E, in which there is, at the rear end, or end farthest from the fireplace, an opening, 0, communicating with the horizontal flue F, which occu pies the upper part of the oven, and in which is arranged the upper or drying retort, B. The retort A has nearly the whole length of its lower half exposed to the radiant heat of the bed of fire in the fireplace D, and it is en-.

tirely enveloped by the heated gaseous products of combustion on their way to the opening 0, whence the said products passinto the flue F, to circulate along and around and heat the retort B on their way to the chimney G, which is situated at the front end of the oven. The bone-black, after having been washed in the usual manner and well drained, may be placed on the top of the oven 0, and thence shoveled into a hopper, H, which conveys it into the front end of the rotating retort O, the said hopper being fitted with a sliding gate or shutter, d, to regulate the supply. After hav- The bone-black, being delivered into in g been carried along the said retort by the screw-like action of its flange 1), produced by its rotary motion, the bone-black runs out at the rear end of the said retort, which is perfectly open for the escape of the evaporated moisture, and drops into a second hopper, I, which delivers it into the rotating revivifyingretort A, at the rear end thereof. The hopper I is also furnished with a gate or shutter, e, to regulate the supply to the retort A, in which the bone-black is carried along toward the front end by the screw-like action of its flange b, the inclination of which is the reverse of that of the flange b of the upper retort, B. From the retort A the bone-black passes through one or more pipes, J J, into one or more movable coolers, K K, which are removed when full and replaced by new ones. These pipes are attached to a stationary head, L, which is so fitted to the front end of the retort and secured to the front of the oven by arms g g, or other means, as to permit the rotation of the retort with the least possible leakage, and the pipes J J are connected with the coolers by sliding coupling-sleeves f f, which fit as nearly airtight as possible. The spout of the hopper I is fitted into the rear end of the retort in such manner as to exclude the air as much as possible and yet provide for the free rotation of the retort.

By drying the bone-black in an upper retort or cylinder by the waste heat from the fire by which the reburning or revivifying retort is heated a great saving of fuel is effected, and the reburning is effected more expeditiously and in a better manner, as it is desirable that in reburning the air should be excluded from the retort as much as possible to prevent oxidation, and if the bone-black is not perfectly dry before its introduction to the retort, and the retort were nearly air tight,

there would be but very insufficient escape for the evaporated moisture.

The rotary motion of the retorts may be obtained by any suitable means. I have represented worm-gears h h on the front portions of the retorts, outside of the ovens, geared with endless screws Mon two horizontal shafts, jj, which are arranged in suitable hearings on the front of the oven, and connected by pulleys 7c is and a belt, l, in such a manner that when rotary motion is imparted to one of the said shafts by any suitable motive power the roller is driven by the belt I.

By leading a pipe from the retort-head L to the furnace or ash-pit any gases eliminated from the bone-black in the reburnin g process might be consumed and utilized in the heating of the retort A.

I do not claim, broadly, furnishing revovling retorts with flanges on their interior surfaces; but

WhatI claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The arrangement of a flange or flanges, b, on the interior surface of a revolving retort in spiral or screw-like form, substantially as and for the purpose herein specified.

2. The arrangement of the drying retort or cylinder B in the same oven with the revivifying-retort A in such manner as to be heated by the waste heat from the fire by which the latter retort is heated.

3,. Combining the revolving retort A with the coolers K K, or other receptacles, by means of a stationary head, L, and one or more pipes, J J, and sliding connecting sleeves or couplin gs ff, substantially as herein described.

GUST. FIN KEN.

Witnesses:

HENRY T. BROWN, MONTGOMERY M. LIVINGSTON. 

